簡(jiǎn)單、易用的 MySQL 官方壓測工具,建議收藏
一、MySQL自帶的壓力測試工具 Mysqlslap
mysqlslap是mysql自帶的基準測試工具,該工具查詢(xún)數據,語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單,靈活容易使用.該工具可以模擬多個(gè)客戶(hù)端同時(shí)并發(fā)的向服務(wù)器發(fā)出查詢(xún)更新,給出了性能測試數據而且提供了多種引擎的性能比較。mysqlslap為mysql性能優(yōu)化前后提供了直觀(guān)的驗證依據,系統運維和DBA人員應該掌握一些常見(jiàn)的壓力測試工具,才能準確的掌握線(xiàn)上數據庫支撐的用戶(hù)流量上限及其抗壓性等問(wèn)題。
1、更改其默認的最大連接數
在對MySQL進(jìn)行壓力測試之前,需要更改其默認的最大連接數,如下:
[root@mysql ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
................
[mysqld]
max_connections=1024
[root@mysql ~]# systemctl restart mysqld
查看最大連接數
mysql> show variables like 'max_connections';
+-----------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+-----------------+-------+
| max_connections | 1024 |
+-----------------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
進(jìn)行壓力測試:
[root@mysql ~]# mysqlslap --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --concurrency=100,200 --iterations=1 --number-int-cols=20 --number-char-cols=30 \
--auto-generate-sql --auto-generate-sql-add-autoincrement --auto-generate-sql-load-type=mixed --engine=myisam,innodb --number-of-queries=2000 -uroot -p123 --verbose
上述命令測試說(shuō)明:模擬測試兩次讀寫(xiě)并發(fā),第一次100,第二次200,自動(dòng)生成SQL腳本,測試表包含20個(gè)init字段,30個(gè)char字段,每次執行2000查詢(xún)請求。測試引擎分別是myisam,innodb。(上述選項中有很多都是默認值,可以省略,如果想要了解各個(gè)選項的解釋?zhuān)梢允褂胢ysqlslap --help進(jìn)行查詢(xún))。
測試結果說(shuō)明:
Myisam第一次100客戶(hù)端同時(shí)發(fā)起增查用0.557/s,第二次200客戶(hù)端同時(shí)發(fā)起增查用0.522/s Innodb第一次100客戶(hù)端同時(shí)發(fā)起增查用0.256/s,第二次200客戶(hù)端同時(shí)發(fā)起增查用0.303/s
可以根據實(shí)際需求,一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的加大并發(fā)數量進(jìn)行壓力測試。
二、使用第三方sysbench工具進(jìn)行壓力測試
1、安裝sysbench工具
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install epel-release #安裝第三方epel源
[root@mysql ~]# yum -y install sysbench #安裝sysbench工具
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --version #確定工具已安裝
sysbench 1.0.17
sysbench可以進(jìn)行以下測試:
CPU 運算性能測試 磁盤(pán) IO 性能測試 調度程序性能測試 內存分配及傳輸速度測試 POSIX 線(xiàn)程性能測試
數據庫性能測試(OLTP 基準測試,需要通過(guò) /usr/share/sysbench/ 目錄中的 Lua 腳本執行,例如 oltp_read_only.lua 腳本執行只讀測試)。
sysbench 還可以通過(guò)運行命令時(shí)指定自己的 Lua 腳本來(lái)自定義測試。
2、查看sysbench工具的幫助選項
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --help
Usage:
sysbench [options]... [testname] [command]
Commands implemented by most tests: prepare run cleanup help # 可用的命令,四個(gè)
General options: # 通用選項
--threads=N 要使用的線(xiàn)程數,默認 1 個(gè) [1]
--events=N 最大允許的事件個(gè)數 [0]
--time=N 最大的總執行時(shí)間,以秒為單位 [10]
--forced-shutdown=STRING 在 --time 時(shí)間限制到達后,強制關(guān)閉之前等待的秒數,默認“off”禁用(number of seconds to wait after the --time limit before forcing shutdown, or 'off' to disable) [off]
--thread-stack-size=SIZE 每個(gè)線(xiàn)程的堆棧大小 [64K]
--rate=N 平均傳輸速率。0 則無(wú)限制 [0]
--report-interval=N 以秒為單位定期報告具有指定間隔的中間統計信息 0 禁用中間報告 [0]
--report-checkpoints=[LIST,...] 轉儲完整的統計信息并在指定的時(shí)間點(diǎn)重置所有計數器。參數是一個(gè)逗號分隔的值列表,表示從測試開(kāi)始經(jīng)過(guò)這個(gè)時(shí)間量時(shí)必須執行報告檢查點(diǎn)(以秒為單位)。報告檢查點(diǎn)默認關(guān)閉。 []
--debug[=on|off] 打印更多 debug 信息 [off]
--validate[=on|off] 盡可能執行驗證檢查 [off]
--help[=on|off] 顯示幫助信息并退出 [off]
--version[=on|off] 顯示版本信息并退出 [off]
--config-file=FILENAME 包含命令行選項的文件
--tx-rate=N 廢棄,改用 --rate [0]
--max-requests=N 廢棄,改用 --events [0]
--max-time=N 廢棄,改用 --time [0]
--num-threads=N 廢棄,改用 --threads [1]
Pseudo-Random Numbers Generator options: # 偽隨機數發(fā)生器選項
--rand-type=STRING random numbers distribution {uniform,gaussian,special,pareto} [special]
--rand-spec-iter=N number of iterations used for numbers generation [12]
--rand-spec-pct=N percentage of values to be treated as 'special' (for special distribution) [1]
--rand-spec-res=N percentage of 'special' values to use (for special distribution) [75]
--rand-seed=N seed for random number generator. When 0, the current time is used as a RNG seed. [0]
--rand-pareto-h=N parameter h for pareto distribution [0.2]
Log options: # 日志選項
--verbosity=N verbosity level {5 - debug, 0 - only critical messages} [3]
--percentile=N percentile to calculate in latency statistics (1-100). Use the special value of 0 to disable percentile calculations [95]
--histogram[=on|off] print latency histogram in report [off]
General database options: # 通用的數據庫選項
--db-driver=STRING 指定要使用的數據庫驅動(dòng)程序 ('help' to get list of available drivers)
--db-ps-mode=STRING prepared statements usage mode {auto, disable} [auto]
--db-debug[=on|off] print database-specific debug information [off]
Compiled-in database drivers: # 內建的數據庫驅動(dòng)程序,默認支持 MySQL 和 PostgreSQL
mysql - MySQL driver
pgsql - PostgreSQL driver
mysql options: # MySQL 數據庫專(zhuān)用選項
--mysql-host=[LIST,...] MySQL server host [localhost]
--mysql-port=[LIST,...] MySQL server port [3306]
--mysql-socket=[LIST,...] MySQL socket
--mysql-user=STRING MySQL user [sbtest]
--mysql-password=STRING MySQL password []
--mysql-db=STRING MySQL database name [sbtest]
--mysql-ssl[=on|off] use SSL connections, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-ssl-cipher=STRING use specific cipher for SSL connections []
--mysql-compression[=on|off] use compression, if available in the client library [off]
--mysql-debug[=on|off] trace all client library calls [off]
--mysql-ignore-errors=[LIST,...] list of errors to ignore, or "all" [1213,1020,1205]
--mysql-dry-run[=on|off] Dry run, pretend that all MySQL client API calls are successful without executing them [off]
pgsql options: # PostgreSQL 數據庫專(zhuān)用選項
--pgsql-host=STRING PostgreSQL server host [localhost]
--pgsql-port=N PostgreSQL server port [5432]
--pgsql-user=STRING PostgreSQL user [sbtest]
--pgsql-password=STRING PostgreSQL password []
--pgsql-db=STRING PostgreSQL database name [sbtest]
Compiled-in tests: # 內建測試類(lèi)型
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
See 'sysbench help' for a list of options for each test.
3、sysbench測試MySQL數據庫性能
1)準備測試數據
#查看sysbench自帶的lua腳本使用方法
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua help
#必須創(chuàng )建sbtest庫,sbtest是sysbench默認使用的庫名
[root@mysql ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p123 create sbtest;
#然后,準備測試所用的表,這些測試表放在測試庫sbtest中。這里使用的lua腳本為/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua。
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \
--mysql-port=3306 \
--mysql-user=root \
--mysql-password=123 \
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_common.lua \
--tables=10 \
--table_size=100000 \
prepare
#其中--tables=10表示創(chuàng )建10個(gè)測試表,
#--table_size=100000表示每個(gè)表中插入10W行數據,
#prepare表示這是準備數的過(guò)程。
2)確認測試數據以存在
[root@mysql ~]# mysql -uroot -p123 sbtest; #登錄到sbtest庫
mysql> show tables; #查看相應的表
+------------------+
| Tables_in_sbtest |
+------------------+
| sbtest1 |
| sbtest10 |
| sbtest2 |
| sbtest3 |
| sbtest4 |
| sbtest5 |
| sbtest6 |
| sbtest7 |
| sbtest8 |
| sbtest9 |
+------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select count(*) from sbtest1; #隨機選擇一個(gè)表,確認其有100000條數據
+----------+
| count(*) |
+----------+
| 100000 |
+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
3)數據庫測試和結果分析
稍微修改下之前準備數據的語(yǔ)句,就可以拿來(lái)測試了。需要注意的是,之前使用的lua腳本為oltp_common.lua,它是一個(gè)通用腳本,是被其它lua腳本調用的,它不能直接拿來(lái)測試。
所以,我這里用oltp_read_write.lua腳本來(lái)做讀、寫(xiě)測試。還有很多其它類(lèi)型的測試,比如只讀測試、只寫(xiě)測試、刪除測試、大批量插入測試等等??烧业綄膌ua腳本進(jìn)行調用即可。
#執行測試命令如下:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --threads=4 \
--time=20 \
--report-interval=5 \
--mysql-host=127.0.0.1 \
--mysql-port=3306 \
--mysql-user=root \
--mysql-password=123 \
/usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua \
--tables=10 \
--table_size=100000 \
run
上述命令返回的結果如下:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --threads=4 --time=20 --report-interval=5 --mysql-host=127.0.0.1 --mysql-port=3306 --mysql-user=root --mysql-password=123 /usr/share/sysbench/oltp_read_write.lua --tables=10 --table_size=100000 run
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 4
Report intermediate results every 5 second(s)
Initializing random number generator from current time
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
#以下是每5秒返回一次的結果,統計的指標包括:
# 線(xiàn)程數、tps(每秒事務(wù)數)、qps(每秒查詢(xún)數)、
# 每秒的讀/寫(xiě)/其它次數、延遲、每秒錯誤數、每秒重連次數
[ 5s ] thds: 4 tps: 1040.21 qps: 20815.65 (r/w/o: 14573.17/4161.25/2081.22) lat (ms,95%): 7.17 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 10s ] thds: 4 tps: 1083.34 qps: 21667.15 (r/w/o: 15165.93/4334.55/2166.68) lat (ms,95%): 6.55 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 15s ] thds: 4 tps: 1121.57 qps: 22429.09 (r/w/o: 15700.64/4485.30/2243.15) lat (ms,95%): 6.55 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
[ 20s ] thds: 4 tps: 1141.69 qps: 22831.98 (r/w/o: 15982.65/4566.16/2283.18) lat (ms,95%): 6.09 err/s: 0.00 reconn/s: 0.00
SQL statistics:
queries performed:
read: 307146 # 執行的讀操作數量
write: 87756 # 執行的寫(xiě)操作數量
other: 43878 # 執行的其它操作數量
total: 438780
transactions: 21939 (1096.57 per sec.) # 執行事務(wù)的平均速率
queries: 438780 (21931.37 per sec.) # 平均每秒能執行多少次查詢(xún)
ignored errors: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
reconnects: 0 (0.00 per sec.)
General statistics:
total time: 20.0055s # 總消耗時(shí)間
total number of events: 21939 # 總請求數量(讀、寫(xiě)、其它)
Latency (ms):
min: 1.39
avg: 3.64
max: 192.05
95th percentile: 6.67 # 采樣計算的平均延遲
sum: 79964.26
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 5484.7500/15.12
execution time (avg/stddev): 19.9911/0.00
4、cpu/io/內存等測試
sysbench內置的幾個(gè)測試指標如下:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --help
.......... # 省略部分內容
Compiled-in tests:
fileio - File I/O test
cpu - CPU performance test
memory - Memory functions speed test
threads - Threads subsystem performance test
mutex - Mutex performance test
可以直接help輸出測試方法,例如,fileio測試:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench fileio help
sysbench 1.0.17 (using system LuaJIT 2.0.4)
fileio options:
--file-num=N number of files to create [128]
--file-block-size=N block size to use in all IO operations [16384]
--file-total-size=SIZE total size of files to create [2G]
--file-test-mode=STRING test mode {seqwr, seqrewr, seqrd, rndrd, rndwr, rndrw}
--file-io-mode=STRING file operations mode {sync,async,mmap} [sync]
--file-async-backlog=N number of asynchronous operatons to queue per thread [128]
--file-extra-flags=[LIST,...] list of additional flags to use to open files {sync,dsync,direct} []
--file-fsync-freq=N do fsync() after this number of requests (0 - don't use fsync()) [100]
--file-fsync-all[=on|off] do fsync() after each write operation [off]
--file-fsync-end[=on|off] do fsync() at the end of test [on]
--file-fsync-mode=STRING which method to use for synchronization {fsync, fdatasync} [fsync]
--file-merged-requests=N merge at most this number of IO requests if possible (0 - don't merge) [0]
--file-rw-ratio=N reads/writes ratio for combined test [1.5]
1)測試io性能
例如,創(chuàng )建5個(gè)文件,總共2G,每個(gè)文件大概400M。
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench fileio --file-num=5 --file-total-size=2G prepare
[root@mysql ~]# ll -lh test*
-rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.0
-rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.1
-rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.2
-rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.3
-rw------- 1 root root 410M May 26 16:05 test_file.4
然后運行測試:
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench --events=5000 \
--threads=16 \
fileio \
--file-num=5 \
--file-total-size=2G \
--file-test-mode=rndrw \
--file-fsync-freq=0 \
--file-block-size=16384 \
run
返回的結果如下:
Running the test with following options:
Number of threads: 16
Initializing random number generator from current time
Extra file open flags: (none)
5 files, 409.6MiB each
2GiB total file size
Block size 16KiB
Number of IO requests: 5000
Read/Write ratio for combined random IO test: 1.50
Calling fsync() at the end of test, Enabled.
Using synchronous I/O mode
Doing random r/w test
Initializing worker threads...
Threads started!
File operations:
reads/s: 9899.03
writes/s: 6621.38
fsyncs/s: 264.33
Throughput: # 吞吐量
read, MiB/s: 154.66 #表示讀帶寬
written, MiB/s: 103.46 #表示寫(xiě)的帶寬
General statistics:
total time: 0.3014s
total number of events: 5000
Latency (ms):
min: 0.00
avg: 0.81
max: 53.56
95th percentile: 4.10
sum: 4030.48
Threads fairness:
events (avg/stddev): 312.5000/27.64
execution time (avg/stddev): 0.2519/0.02
2)測試cpu性能
[root@mysql ~]# sysbench cpu --threads=40 --events=10000 --cpu-max-prime=20000 run
壓測時(shí),還請小心謹慎?。?!